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In December 2024, the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly map (top left) indicates pronounced cooler SST anomalies in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, with the most prominent cooling centered near the International Dateline. In contrast, there are no considerable SST anomalies evident in the coastal Niño region (i.e., Niño 1+2). Warm SST anomalies are also observed in the Philippine Sea.

In the Indian Ocean, cooler SST anomalies are more pronounced in the tropical western region, whereas the tropical eastern region indicates no considerable anomalies.

The maps on the right (top to bottom) indicate the observed SST for December 2024 and the climatological normal from 1991 to 2020, providing context for the SST anomaly maps.