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In July 2025, the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly map (top left) generally shows no prominent SST anomalies in most parts of the tropical Pacific, consistent with the persistent neutral SST trend observed in recent months.

Warm SST anomalies were present in the Philippine Sea, and the monitored northern and southern regions of the Tripole Pacific Index (TPI). Meanwhile, most parts of the North Pacific were considerably warmer, indicative of a negative PDO.

In the Indian Ocean, warmer SST anomalies are observed in the tropical eastern and western Indian regions (i.e., EIO and WIO) with no considerable dipole anomalies. In general, the tropical Indian Ocean-wide SST anomalies (i.e., IOBW) were warmer than normal.

Lastly, the tropical North Atlantic (i.e., TNA) indicates no prominent SST anomalies.

The maps on the right (top to bottom) indicate the observed SST for July 2025 and the climatological normal from 1991 to 2020, providing context for the SST anomaly maps.