In October 2025, rainfall anomalies across Southeast Asia showed a highly variable spatial distribution. Above normal rainfall was observed over parts of Viet Nam, eastern Lao PDR, sections of the Philippines, and large portions of Indonesia, particularly over Kalimantan, Java, eastern Indonesia, and Papua, indicating enhanced convective activity during the month.

In contrast, below normal rainfall conditions prevailed over parts of mainland Southeast Asia, including central Thailand and Cambodia, as well as western Indonesia, particularly portions of Sumatra, reflecting suppressed rainfall in these areas.

The maps on the right (top to bottom) present the observed rainfall for October 2025 and the 1991–2020 climatological normal, which provide context for interpreting the rainfall anomaly map shown on the left.